![]() Due to the widespread presence of caffeine, we present its impact (both positive and negative) on the human body, taking into account individual systems. However, people with hypertension, children, adolescents, and the elderly may be more susceptible to the negative effects of caffeine consumption. Recently, caffeine has been of scientific interest because, as a bioactive molecule, it has been shown to have beneficial health effects (e.g., it is able to protect against oxidative stress in Alzheimer’s disease (AD)). ![]() Interestingly, despite such a large consumption of caffeine, research shows that it is more a habit than a compulsive addiction. However, it is amazing that a humble Yemeni bush has wrapped its branches around all continents. Due to the times and culture we live in, the presence of coffee rituals in our daily lives does not seem particularly surprising. This huge interest in coffee is due to its taste attributes and stimulating effects, and it additionally stems from the culture and habits of people in many countries. On the other hand, Conway reported that in 2020–2021, coffee consumption was around 166.63 million 60 kg bags worldwide. stated that average caffeine consumption from all sources reaches 76 mg/person/day in the United States and Canada, it is approximately 210–238 mg/person/day and exceeds 400 mg/person/day in Sweden and Finland. It is worth pointing out that caffeine may also be found in energy drinks, soft drinks, gums, and medications. Its main source is coffee, however, it may also be present in other plants such as tea leaves, guarana berries, and cacao beans. In summary, we can conclude, however, that caffeine has a multi-directional influence on various organs of the human body, and because of its anti-oxidative properties, it was, and still is, an interesting topic for research studies including those aimed at developing new therapeutic strategies.Ĭaffeine is one of the most popular and widely consumed beverages in the world. We present both the positive and negative sides of caffeine consumption and the healing properties of this purine alkaloid in diseases such as asthma, Parkinson’s disease, and others, not forgetting about the negative effects of excess caffeine (e.g., in people with hypertension, children, adolescents, and the elderly). The main aim of this review was to collect, present, and analyze the available information including the latest discoveries on the impact of caffeine on human health and the functioning of human body systems, taking into account the role of caffeine in individual disease entities. These effects are dependent on quantity, the type of product in which caffeine is contained, and also on the individual differences among people (sex, age, diet etc.). It has both positive and negative effects on the human body, and its activity concerns a variety of systems including the central nervous system, immune system, digestive system, respiratory system, urinary tract, etc. Nowadays, caffeine is one of the most commonly consumed substances, which presents in many plants and products.
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